Reading: We’ll study two articles today. The first is a news piece outlining the new economic policies and programs for the Iranian year 1404, as announced by Mohammad Reza Farzin, Governor of the Central Bank of Iran. The second article, published by the economic-analytical website Eqtesad-e Moaser, discusses the Iranian stock market’s reaction to the start of indirect talks between Iran and the United States in Oman.
Listening: An engaging report by Iran International highlighting the recent challenges faced by the Iranian economy, including expert commentary and discussion of economic indicators.
Subject of Conversation: How does inflation affect ordinary Iranians? (تورم چه تاثیری بر مردم عادی ایرانی دارد؟)
At the end of the class, the students will discuss this important topic with their instructor in Persian. The conversation will be valuable not only because the students will use the vocabulary they learned at home and in the class, and internalize it, but also because it will give them an opportunity to learn about the life of ordinary citizens in Iran.
Homework:
- Please carefully read the full text of today’s article(s), study the vocabulary and translate the sections assigned by the instructor.
- Watch the video from today’s Listening section and and summarize the main issues discussed in it in Persian (around 200 words). Be sure to use relevant political and economic vocabulary in your writing.
- Prepare for the next day’s discussion.
Vocabulary (First Article):
| Persian Word | Transcription | English Translation |
| تثبیت | tasbit | stabilization, fixation |
| همت (مخفف: هزار میلیارد تومان) | hemmat (abbr. hezār miliārd tumān) | thousand billion tomans |
| رئیس کل | ra’is-e koll | governor (of Central Bank) |
| اهداف (مفرد: هدف) | ahdāf (sing. hadaf) | goals |
| مانند | mānand-e | like, similar to |
| حساب جهش تولید | hesāb-e jaheš-e toulid | Production Leap Fund (financial fund for supporting production growth in Iran) |
| تأمین مالی | ta’min-e māli | financing, funding, financial provision |
| نظیر | nazir-e | such as, like |
| عملیاتی کردن | ‘amaliyyāti kardan | to operationalize |
| مراودات | morāvedāt | transactions |
| تقویت | taqviyyat | strengthening |
| نرخ رشد نقدینگی | nerx-e rošd-e naqdinegi | liquidity growth rate |
| ثبات | sobāt | stability |
| تأکید کردن | ta’kid kardan | to emphasize |
| معیشتی | ma‘išati | livelihood-related |
| تأمین شدن | ta’min šodan | to be supplied, to be provided |
| مدیریت | modiriyyat | management |
| بهینه | behine | optimal, best |
| گردش واحدهای تولیدی | gardeš-e vāhedehā-ye toulidi | circulation of production units |
| تحرک بخشیدن | taharrok baxšidan | to stimulate, to mobilize |
| راه‌اندازی | rāhandāzi | launch, initiation |
| دارایی | dārāyi | property, asset |
| اهمیت | ahammiyyat | importance |
| اوراق گام | ourāq-e gām | "Gam" bonds (Iranian domestic bonds to support manufacturers) |
| برات الکترونیکی | barāt-e elektroniki | electronic bill of exchange |
| دستیابی | dastiyābi | access |
| تسهیلات بانکی | tashilāt-e bānki | bank facilities |
| خط‌مشی | xatt-e maši | policy |
Vocabulary (Listening):
| Persian Word | Transcription | English Translation |
| کمبود | kambud | shortage |
| مواد غذایی | mavād-e γazāyi | food items |
| حذف | hazf | removal, elimination |
| دهک | dahak | decile |
| کالابرگ الکترونیکی | kālābarg-e elektroniki | electronic coupon |
| هزینه | hazine | cost, expense |
| ارز ترجیحی | arz-e tarjihi | preferential currency (subsidized foreign currency) |
| تجهیزات پزشکی | tajhizāt-e pezeški | medical equipment |
| ارز | arz | currency |
| طلا | talā | gold |
| بورس | burs | bourse, stock exchange |
| در پی | dar pey-e | following, after |
| شاخص کل بورس | šāxes-e koll-e burs | total stock index |
| سکه طلا | sekke-ye talā | gold coin |
| افت کردن | oft kardan | to drop, to decline |
| اتاق اصناف | otāq-e asnāf | Chamber of Guilds |
| نرخ | nerx | rate, price |
| تعرفه | ta‘refe | tariff |
| گمرکی | gomroki | customs-related |
| در نهایت | dar nahāyat | at the end, ultimately |
| موجب شدن | moujeb šodan | to cause |
| ناگهانی | nāgahāni | sudden |
| تقاضا | taqāzā | demand |
| شارژ کالابرگ | šārž-e kālābarg | top-up of ration coupon |
| تعاون | ta‘āvon | cooperatives; cooperation, mutual assistance |
| رفاه اجتماعی | refāh-e ejtemā‘i | social welfare |
| اجرایی شدن | ejrāyi šodan | to be implemented |
| یارانه | yārāne | subsidy |
| مالیات | māliyāt | tax |
| ارزش افزوده | arzeš-e afzude | value-added |
| رفع | raf‘ | removal, elimination |
| جبهه | jebhe | front |
| عمل کردن | ‘amal kardan | to function, to act |
| معیشت | ma‘išat | livelihood |
| تقسیم کار | taqsim-e kār | division of labor |
| انتظارات (مفرد: انتظار) | entezārāt (sing. entezār) | expectations |
| شاهد بودن | šāhed budan | to witness |
| روند | ravand | process, course |
| شگفت‌آور | šegeftāvar | astonishing, surprising |
| درون زاد | darun zād | inborn, endogenous |
| کسر بودجه | kasr-e budje | budget deficit |
| مصارف (مفرد: مصرف) | masāref (sing. masraf) | expenditures, applications, uses |
| رانتی | rānti | rent-related |
| چپاول | čapāvol | plundering |
| نهاد | nahād | institution |
| فساد | fesād | corruption |
| به تعادل رسیدن | be ta‘ādol residan | to reach balance |
| آرام گرفتن | ārām gereftan | to calm down |
| بازار کالا و خدمات | bāzār-e kālā o xedamāt | goods and services market |
| شوک | šok | shock |
| وارد‌کننده | vāredkonande | importer |
| توزیع کننده | touzi‘konande | distributor |